Index of labour costs per hour, UK: January to March 2015 (experimental statistics)

Changes in the costs of employing labour, analysed by sector and industry.

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Contact:
Email Catherine Healey

Release date:
18 June 2015

Next release:
To be announced

1. Main points

  • The whole economy Index of Labour Costs per Hour (ILCH), seasonally adjusted, increased by 2.6% in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with the same quarter of 2014 and 0.7% compared with the previous quarter, quarter 4 Oct to Dec 2014

  • Wage costs per hour worked increased by 2.3% on the previous year, and non-wage costs per hour worked increased by 4.5% in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015

  • Private sector labour costs per hour increased by 2.2% on the previous year in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015, while public sector labour costs per hour increased by 2.0%

  • The mining and quarrying industry had the largest positive growth in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2014 with an increase of 14.4%

  • The textiles, leather and clothing industry had the largest negative growth in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 on the previous year with a decline of 8.5%

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2. Summary

The Index of Labour Costs per Hour (ILCH) is a measure of the cost of having an employee for an hour of work. It represents the total cost of employing an individual, which is primarily the earnings of the employee, but also includes non-wage costs. It is also known as the Labour Cost Index (LCI); the index is produced by all member countries of the EU and collated by Eurostat.

Four versions of ILCH are calculated for each aggregate, both seasonally adjusted and non-seasonally adjusted, measuring changes in:

  1. total labour costs per hour worked

  2. wage costs per hour worked

  3. other labour costs, including benefits in kind and employer social contributions (pension and national insurance contributions, sickness, maternity and paternity pay) per hour worked

  4. total labour costs, excluding bonuses and arrears, per hour worked

The labour cost component of ILCH is mainly drawn from the Monthly Wages and Salaries Survey (MWSS); the hours worked component of ILCH is drawn from the Labour Force Survey (LFS). Other costs are estimated using a range of other sources including the Annual Business Survey (ABS) and Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE). ILCH index figures are estimates in current prices, meaning that they are published not adjusted for inflation.

ILCH statistics are currently designated as experimental. Experimental statistics are those official statistics undergoing further development work before they are submitted for assessment as a National Statistic by the UK Statistics Authority.

This bulletin provides information on the seasonally adjusted ILCH series. Seasonally adjusted results were first published in March 2015 in the quarter 4 Oct to Dec 2014 bulletin, for the full series from quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2000, and this will continue to be the case in all future ILCH bulletins. Non-seasonally adjusted data can be found on our website.

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3. Sector growth

Year on year

Whole economy labour costs per hour increased by 2.6% in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with the same quarter a year earlier. This means the cost of labour increased year on year in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015, before inflation is taken into account. Total labour costs include wages and salaries, benefits in kind and employer social contributions (pension and national insurance contributions, sickness, maternity and paternity pay).

The growth in wage costs per hour worked was 2.3% and non-wage costs per hour worked increased by 4.5%. The increase in non-wage costs is partly a result of an increase in pension costs, particularly in the construction industry. Wage costs include benefits in kind, wages and salaries. Non-wage costs include sickness, maternity and paternity pay, national insurance contributions and pension contributions.

Private sector labour costs (per hour) increased by 2.2% in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015. Public sector labour costs (per hour) increased by 2.0% in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with a year earlier; this series can be volatile due to small numbers included in the sample.

Figure 1.1 shows the annual change in labour costs (per hour) for the whole economy, private and public sector.

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4. Quarter on quarter

As a result of seasonally adjusting ILCH, it is possible to analyse quarter on quarter growth.

Whole economy labour costs per hour increased by 0.7% in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with quarter 4 Oct to Dec 2014. Private and public sector labour costs increased by 0.4% and 0.6% respectively.

Total wage costs grew by 0.6% in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with the previous quarter and total other costs increased by 1.5%. This is the largest growth in total other costs since quarter 2 Apr to June 2012.

Figure 1.2 highlights the quarterly change in labour costs per hour for the whole economy, private secor and public sector.

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6. Industry growth

Year on year

The industry with the highest growth in labour costs was mining and quarrying, with labour costs per hour having increased by 14.4% in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with a year earlier.

Electricity, gas and water supply experienced the second largest growth in labour costs per hour in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 with an increase of 9.5% compared with a year ago. Other industries that experienced growth in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 include information and communication, retail, trade and repairs and financial and insurance services.

Textiles, leather and clothing experienced a large decline in labour costs in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with a year earlier; labour costs (per hour) in this industry decreased by 8.5%. This decline was driven largely by a decrease in the costs of wages and salaries and pensions per hour.

Other service activities and transport and storage also experienced a decrease in labour costs compared with quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2014. Other service activities include membership organisations such as trade unions; repair of computers and personal and household goods and other personal service activities.

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7. Quarter on quarter

The industry with the highest quarterly growth in labour costs was mining and quarrying, with labour costs per hour having increased by 7.8% in Q1 2015 compared with quarter 4 Oct to Dec 2014. This growth was largely driven by an increase in wage costs.

Electricity, gas and water supply experienced the second largest growth in labour costs per hour in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 with an increase of 6.3% compared with the previous quarter. Other industries that experienced growth in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 include textiles, leather and clothing, information and communication and other manufacturing. Other manufacturing includes the manufacture of plastic, glass, furniture, sports equipment and toys, and the repair and maintenance of machinery, electrical equipment and transport equipment.

Other service activities experienced the greatest decline in labour costs in quarter 1 Jan to Mar 2015 compared with quarter 4 Oct to Dec 2014. Labour costs (per hour) in this industry decreased by 4.3% on the quarter, which was largely driven by a decrease in wage costs. Labour costs per hour in the food products, beverage and tobacco, industry declined by 3.9%. Basic metals and metal products and financial and insurance services also experienced decreases in labour costs compared with the previous quarter.

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.Background notes

  1. Quality

    A Quality and Methodology Information Report for ILCH is available on our website. This report describes, in detail the intended uses of the statistics presented in this publication, their general quality and the methods used to produce them.

  2. International comparisons

    The UK Labour Costs Index (LCI) is comparable with other Labour Cost Index numbers produced by other EU member states. Eurostat regularly publishes a news release detailing the key results in each quarter.

  3. Seasonal adjustment

    Like many economic indicators, the labour market is affected by factors that tend to occur at around the same time every year; for example school leavers entering the labour market in July and whether Easter falls in March or April. In order to compare movements other than annual changes in labour market statistics, such as since the previous quarter or since the previous month, the data are seasonally adjusted to remove the effects of seasonal factors and the arrangement of the calendar. All estimates discussed in this statistical bulletin are seasonally adjusted except where otherwise stated.

  4. Experimental statistics

    Experimental statistics are those which are in the testing phase, are not yet fully developed and have not been submitted for assessment to the UK Statistics Authority. ILCH is designated as an experimental statistic. Further information on experimental statistics can be found on our website.

  5. User engagement

    We are constantly aiming to improve this release and its associated commentary. We would welcome any feedback you might have and would be particularly interested in knowing how you make use of these data to inform our work.

    Please contact us via email: ster@ons.gov.uk or telephone Catherine Healey on +44 (0)1633 456786.

  6. Details of the policy governing the release of new data are available by visiting www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/assessment/code-of-practice/index.html or from the Media Relations Office email: media.relations@ons.gov.uk

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Contact details for this Statistical bulletin

Catherine Healey
catherine.healey@ons.gov.uk
Telephone: +44 (0)1633 456786