GDP, UK regions and countries: January to March 2019

• Regions of the UK
• Methodology used to produce these estimates
• GDP in the North East
• GDP in the North West
• GDP in Yorkshire and The Humber
• GDP in the East Midlands
• GDP in the West Midlands
• GDP in the East of England
• GDP in London
• GDP in the South West
• GDP in the South East
• GDP in Wales
• GDP in Scotland, published by the Scottish Government
• GDP in Northern Ireland, published by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency

• Of the four countries of the UK, growth was highest in England (0.6%) and lowest in Wales (negative 0.5%) in Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2019.
• Of the nine English regions, the area with the highest growth was London (1.2%).
• Estimates of quarterly GDP for the English regions and Wales are published here for the second time, alongside data previously published by the Scottish Government and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA).

Data are presented here for Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2017 onwards. As earlier data are constrained to the annual estimates given in the regional accounts consistent with Blue Book 2018, regional accounts data for earlier periods will be misaligned with the Blue Book 2019-consistent Quarterly national accounts published on 30 September 2019. A consistent time series back to 2012 will be published in the Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2019 release of quarterly country and regional GDP in January 2020, after the Blue Book 2019-consistent regional accounts estimates are published in December 2019.

UK gross domestic product (GDP) growth was 0.6% in Quarter 1 (Jan to Mar) 2019. This was larger growth than the 0.3% in Quarter 4 (Oct to Dec) 2018.

All countries in the UK had positive quarter-on-quarter growth in Quarter 1 2019, apart from Wales. Growth was highest in England (0.6%) and lowest in Wales (negative 0.5%).

The strong growth seen in the UK estimate of GDP in Quarter 1 2019 was largely driven by the production sector. This was consistent with reports at the time of manufacturing businesses increasing activity ahead of the UK’s originally intended departure date from the European Union. This strength can be seen across all regions apart from Wales. However, despite this weakness in GDP growth for Wales in the most recent quarter, Welsh manufacturing showed strong growth of 1.6%.

More information about the drivers for these changes can be found in the datasets that accompany this bulletin and the data published by the Scottish Government and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency.

Of the countries of the UK and the regions of England, Yorkshire and The Humber, the East Midlands and Wales had negative growth in Quarter 1 2019. This followed positive growth in all three regions in Quarter 4 2018. London had the highest growth in Quarter 1 2019, at 1.2%.

Only the North West, London and the South West had growth in Quarter 1 2019 higher than the UK (at 0.2%), at 1.0%, 1.2%, and 0.7% respectively.

Of the countries and regions of the UK, four had growth in Quarter 1 2019 that was above the UK level when compared with the same quarter a year earlier. These were the West Midlands (2.3%), London (4.2%), the South East (2.7%) and Wales (2.6%).

Only Yorkshire and The Humber had negative growth in Quarter 1 2019 when compared with the same quarter a year earlier, at negative 0.3%.

More information about the low-level industries for these changes can be found in the datasets for Wales and the regions of England, and the data published by the Scottish Government and Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA).

Data for Scotland and Northern Ireland are not shown here as they are published by the Scottish Government and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA).

Download the data

More detail about the growth in GDP in each region can be found in the relevant pages.

GDP

Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the value of goods and services produced in the UK. It estimates the size of and growth in the economy.

Production

Production is the process of combining various materials or other inputs in order to generate a product for consumption. It includes output in the manufacturing (the largest component of production), mining and quarrying, energy supply, and water supply and waste management industries.

Services

Services are activities that people, or businesses provide for a consumer or other businesses. The main components of the services industries are: wholesale and retail; hotels and restaurants; transport, storage and communication; business services and finance; and government and other services.

The main data for these estimates are turnover data from approximately 1.9 million Value Added Tax (VAT) returns. Information from the Inter-Departmental Business Register (IDBR) on workplace employment allows us to apportion the VAT turnover for each business based on their employment share within a region. The quality assurance of administrative data (QAAD) report for VAT data is available.

Other volume measure data are used where appropriate, or where VAT data has insufficient coverage. A full list of other data sources is included in the methodology article.

A detailed analysis of these new data was published in the Economic Review on 21 October 2019.

As part of the quality assurance process, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) previously notified us that they have improved their methodology for estimating regional breakdowns of the agricultural accounts. Unfortunately we were unable to process these data in time for the previous (September) release. These new estimates have now been used in the compilation of this release and the breakdown of agriculture included in the tables.

Another omission in the previous (September) release was that of the Extra-Regio region. This is economic activity that cannot be assigned to a region, such as North Sea exploration work and the activity of UK embassies abroad. In the previous release there were quality issues with the data, which have now been resolved and estimates for Extra-Regio are now presented in the tables.

These data are designated as Experimental Statistics. These are statistics that are in the testing phase and not yet fully developed. We will continue to develop these statistics and seek users’ views on their uses and needs for these data.

While the data sources and methods used in both our regional and national estimates of GDP are broadly similar, there are some clear differences. For example, in the extent to which Value Added Tax (VAT) data are used.

These estimates aim to produce the best estimates at a subnational level. However, the sum of the UK regions may not equal the national total, reflecting that there are some differences in data sources and methods. We have constrained our regional GDP estimates in such a way that minimises the changes to the region by industry quarterly growth rates. While the overall impact of this constraining on the regional estimates is small, we will continue to examine the impact of this method and consider options to determine which one is best suited to these data in advance of applying to be assessed as National Statistics.

Please note that the one industry that is not fully constrained is mining and quarrying. In this industry there were challenges in chain-linking the data from the regional accounts. We will address this in the regional accounts publication in December 2019 allowing subsequent quarterly releases to be fully constrained.

Following the announcement by the UK Statistics Authority in March 2019, Construction Output Price Indices, Great Britain construction output statistics and Construction new orders were re-designated as National Statistics. It was noted, however, that the subnational and subsector breakdowns were excluded from consideration because of concerns around the path of the subnational estimates of construction output. We have worked closely with the Construction Statistics Steering Group and Consultative Committee on Construction Industry Statistics (CCCIS) on improving these estimates.

While these users have acknowledged the improvements in the modelling of these estimates, there is ongoing development work to improve these lower-level estimates as we ultimately look to regain National Statistic status in due course. Any developments in this area will in turn lead to improved accuracy in the Regional GDP estimates.