Public sector employment, UK: June 2023

• Total public sector employment increased in June 2023 compared with the previous quarter and the previous year; central government is the main contributor to the rise with smaller increases in local government and public corporations.

• There were an estimated 5.87 million employees in the public sector in June 2023, which is 36,000 (0.6%) more than in March 2023 and 133,000 (2.3%) more than in June 2022.

• Employment in central government was an estimated 3.67 million in June 2023, a rise of 30,000 (0.8%) compared with March 2023 and 116,000 (3.3%) compared with June 2022; the main contributors to this increase were the NHS, the Civil Service, and local authority schools becoming academies.

• The NHS employed an estimated 1.96 million people in June 2023, an increase of 21,000 (1.1%) compared with March 2023 and an increase of 78,000 (4.1%) compared with June 2022.

• Employment in local government was an estimated 2.00 million for June 2023, an increase of 4,000 (0.2%) since March 2023 and 10,000 (0.5%) since June 2022; an increase in employment in the police has contributed to the increase from a year ago.

• There were 522,000 employees in the Civil Service in June 2023, up 1,000 (0.2%) compared with March 2023, and up 10,000 (2.0%) compared with June 2022.

• There were an estimated 27.01 million employees in the private sector in June 2023, which is 243,000 (0.9%) fewer than in March 2023 but 3,000 (0.0%) more than in June 2022.

Reclassification of further education institutions in England

On 29 November 2022, we announced the reclassification of further education corporations, sixth form college corporations, and designated institutions in England from the non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) sector to the central government sector. Our Economic statistics sector classification -- classification update and forward work plan: November 2022 article has more information on this classification decision.

This reclassification will be reflected in the September 2023 public sector employment statistics to be released on 12 December 2023.

Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Our Coronavirus and the effects on UK labour market statistics article has more information about how labour market sources have been affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

View our Comparison of labour market data sources and the main differences article.

Impact on production of public sector employment estimates

The collection of the data contained in this release was unaffected by the coronavirus pandemic. Comments provided by survey respondents suggested the estimates were partly affected by coronavirus planning and response.

Sources

The main source of public sector employment (PSE) data is the Quarterly Public Sector Employment Survey, which is supplemented by data from external sources. Further information can be found in our PSE Quality and Methodology Information (QMI).

Full-time equivalents

While this bulletin focuses on headcount estimates of PSE, full-time equivalent estimates (based on the number of hours worked divided by the standard full-time hours) are available in our accompanying PSE datasets.

Seasonal adjustment

All PSE data time series in this release, with the exception of the regional series, are seasonally adjusted to aid interpretation. Relationships that hold in the unadjusted series do not necessarily hold for the seasonally adjusted series. For example, total PSE equals the total of all public sector industry estimates before seasonal adjustment, but this is not necessarily true after seasonal adjustment.

Reclassifications between the public and private sectors

Comparisons of public and private sector employment over time are complicated by several major reclassifications. This is where bodies employing large numbers of people have moved between the public and private sectors. We produce estimates of public and private sector employment excluding the effects of major reclassifications to help you understand underlying trends in employment. We publish these alongside estimates of total public and private sector employment in Tables 5, 6a and 7a of the PSE datasets.

Quality

More quality and methodology information on strengths, limitations, appropriate uses, and how the data were created is available in our Public sector employment QMI.