Overseas travel and tourism: November and December 2017 provisional results

• Overseas residents made 3.0 million visits to the UK in November 2017; this has decreased by 2% when compared with November 2016.

• UK residents made 4.2 million visits abroad in November 2017, a 3% decrease when compared with November 2016.

• Overseas residents made 2.6 million visits to the UK in December 2017; this has decreased by 11% when compared with December 2016.

• UK residents made 3.9 million visits abroad in December 2017, a 1% decrease when compared with December 2016.

The International Passenger Survey (IPS) is in the process of transferring data collection from paper forms to an improved method using tablet computers. Tablet data collections are being phased in gradually from September 2017, and will complete in April 2018.

Initial analysis of the new data suggests there may be discontinuities arising from the change in mode of collection, with evidence that different expenditure amounts are being collected from overseas residents visiting the UK. There may also be an impact on the level of expenditure of UK residents overseas.

We are working to understand the data discontinuities arising from the change in collection method and assess any impact on other ONS estimates. However, in the meantime we caution against overly interpreting changes in our data on spending by overseas visitors to the UK. These new data will not be used in headline trade or other national accounts estimates until we have produced a consistent time series on the new basis.

Estimates contained in this bulletin are produced from responses provided by international passengers arriving in and departing from the UK, sampled on our International Passenger Survey (IPS).

Responses to the survey are scaled up to represent all passengers using information on total international passenger traffic for the reporting period.

Estimates are based on interviews conducted when passengers end their visit. Any visits commencing in the reported month but not completed until later are not included in estimates for the reported month. The reported spend for visits includes any spending associated (excluding fares) with the visit, which occur before, during or after the trip.

Parts of the bulletin refer to countries visited abroad. It should be noted that if a UK resident visited more than one country on a trip abroad, the country recorded as visited in this publication is the country that was visited for the longest period.

Estimates are subject to sampling error, and confidence intervals are provided to help you interpret the estimates (see Quality and methodology section note: Accuracy of IPS estimates). Further guidance is available about the quality of overseas travel and tourism estimates.

Overseas travel and tourism monthly estimates are revised during the processing of the quarterly dataset and again during the processing of the annual dataset. This bulletin contains provisional overseas travel and tourism estimates to and from the UK for November and December 2017. Revised, final estimates for 2016 were published in Travel trends 2016 on 18 May 2017.

UK residents consistently make more visits abroad than foreign residents make to the UK. The total amount spent by UK residents during visits abroad is also higher than the total spent by foreign residents visiting the UK. The numbers of visits and the amounts spent vary through the year, with more in the summer. This is the case both for UK residents and overseas residents. However, UK residents show a much sharper peak both in visits and spend during the month of August, which is traditionally the only complete month of the UK school summer holidays.

The figures used in the commentary in this section are sourced from the following monthly overseas travel and tourism datasets:

• Table 1 – Overseas residents' visits to the UK by month
• Table 2 – Purpose of overseas residents' visits to the UK by month
• Table 5 – Earnings in the UK and expenditure abroad by month

The estimated number of visits to the UK by overseas residents in November 2017 was 3.0 million, which is a decrease of 2% compared with November 2016. Overseas residents spent £1.8 billion in the UK in November 2017, an increase of 4% when compared with November 2016.

The estimated number of visits to the UK by overseas residents in December 2017 was 2.6 million, which is a decrease of 11% compared with December 2016. Overseas residents spent £1.6 billion in the UK in December 2017, a decrease of 13% when compared with December 2016.

During the period October to December 2017, there were 8.8 million visits to the UK, which was 7% less than the corresponding period a year earlier. Holiday visits decreased by 8% to 3.0 million for this period, while business visits decreased by 9% to 2.2 million. For the period October to December 2017, spend in the UK by overseas residents decreased 3% on the previous year to £5.3 billion.

The figures used in the commentary in this section are sourced from the following monthly overseas travel and tourism datasets:

• Table 3 – UK residents’ visits abroad by month
• Table 4 – Purpose of UK residents' visits abroad by month
• Table 5 – Earnings in the UK and expenditure abroad by month

The estimated number of visits abroad by UK residents in November 2017 was 4.2 million, which was 3% lower than in November 2016. UK residents spent £2.6 billion during these visits, a decrease of 9% when compared with November 2016.

The estimated number of visits abroad by UK residents in December 2017 was 3.9 million, which was 1% lower than in December 2016. UK residents spent £2.2 billion during these visits, an increase of 1% when compared with December 2016.

During the period October to December 2017, there were 3% fewer visits abroad by UK residents compared with the corresponding period a year earlier and they spent 7% less on these visits. There was a 10% decrease in visits to North America and a 1% decrease in visits to European countries. Visits to “other countries” (countries outside Europe and North America) decreased by 7%. When looking at reason for visit, holiday visits increased by 1%, while business visits decreased by 14% and visits to friends and relatives decreased by 3% from the same period the previous year.

Travel trends: the latest publication (Travel trends 2016) was published on 18 May 2017, the next publication (Travel trends 2017) will be published in May 2018 – this provides final overseas travel and tourism estimates and more detailed analysis of visits and spending, including analysis by demographics, towns visited in the UK and countries visited by residents of different parts of the UK.

Travelpac is a dataset that allows you to conduct your own analyses of quarterly and annual data on main variables – the datasets are provided in SPSS and Excel.

Overseas travel and tourism quarterly: the latest publication (for Quarter 3 (July to Sept) 2017) was published on 18 January 2018 – this provides more detailed analysis of visits and spending, isolating aspects such as countries of visit, mode of travel used, nationality of visitors and regions of the UK visited; Quarter 4 (Oct to Dec) 2016 figures can be found in Travel trends 2016.

Overseas travel and tourism monthly: the last publication (October 2017) was published on 23 January 2018 – this provides provisional results of visits to the UK by overseas residents, visits abroad by UK residents and spending by travellers, using provisional passenger traffic data.

The International Passenger Survey Quality and Methodology Information report contains important information on:

• the strengths and limitations of the data and how it compares with related data
• uses and users of the data
• how the output was created
• the quality of the output including the accuracy of the data

The International Passenger Survey Methodological Information outlines definitions and sample methodology.

Accuracy of IPS estimates

Figures for the most recent months are provisional and subject to revision in light of (a) more accurate data on passenger figures becoming available at the end of each quarter and (b) additional passenger data obtained at the end of each year.

International Passenger Survey (IPS) monthly estimates are revised in line with the IPS revisions policy. The revisions policy is available in the IPS quality and methodology report, to assist you in the understanding of the cycle and frequency of data revisions. You are strongly advised to read this policy before using these data for research or policy-related purposes.

Planned revisions usually arise from the receipt of revised passenger traffic data. Unplanned revisions are made to correct errors to existing data, identified later in the quarterly and annual processing cycle. Those of significant magnitude will be highlighted and explained.

Revisions to published monthly IPS estimates can be expected at the following times in the normal overseas travel and tourism publication schedule:

• monthly estimates for the current reference year will usually be revised and statistically benchmarked across the quarter, following the publication of the quarterly estimates which that month falls within

• monthly and quarterly estimates for the current reference year will be revised in the survey year’s annual data release (Travel trends)

• monthly estimates for the full calendar year will be statistically benchmarked as part of the annual data processing and the monthly estimates for the year will then be replaced in the monthly release, with the benchmarked estimate following publication of the annual report (Travel trends)

All other revisions will be regarded as unplanned and will be dealt with by non-standard releases. All revisions will be released in compliance with the same principles as other new information. Please refer to our guide to statistical revisions.

Seasonally adjusted figures are no longer shown in the main figures in the publication, but continue to be presented in the tables.

The estimates produced from the IPS are subject to sampling errors that occur because not every traveller to and from the UK is interviewed on the survey. Sampling errors are determined both by the sample design and by the sample size: generally speaking, the larger the sample supporting a particular estimate, the proportionately lower its sampling error. The survey sample size is approximately 20,000 per month. However, as the intensity of the sampling varies at each port, figures of a similar magnitude will not necessarily have the same percentage sampling error.

Accuracy of the estimates is expressed in terms of confidence intervals. The confidence interval is a range within which the true value of a proportion lies with known probability. For example, the 95% confidence interval represents the range into which there are 19 chances out of 20 that the true figure would fall had all passengers been sampled. This is obtained as plus or minus 1.96 multiplied by the standard error.

Confidence intervals for quarterly and annual estimates are provided in our relevant overseas travel and tourism publications.

One indication of the reliability of the main indicators in this release can be obtained by monitoring the size of revisions. Table 4 records the size and pattern of revisions to the quarterly IPS data that have occurred over the last five years to the following main seasonally adjusted estimates:

• the number of visits by overseas residents to the UK (GMAT)

• the number of visits abroad by UK residents (GMAX)

• earnings made from overseas residents in the UK (GMAZ)

• expenditure abroad by UK residents (GMBB)

Note that estimates are subject to revision between the monthly statistical bulletin and the quarterly publication, and again when Travel trends is published. Revisions result from more accurate passenger figures being made available. More information about the IPS revisions policy is available in the Quality and Methodology Information report. The most up-to-date and accurate estimates for all published months can be found in the latest edition of the Overseas travel and tourism monthly statistical bulletin.

Note that, although data from the IPS feed into the calculation of migration statistics, the overseas travel and tourism publications do not provide any information relating to international migration.

Other analyses

For general questions about the IPS and requests for user-requested data analysis (a service governed by our income and charging policy), please get in touch using the contact details accompanying this release.